A 99% pure peptide has 1% of something else, and it is not random. This post covers deletion sequences, truncations, oxidised and deamidated forms, where each comes from in synthesis, and why the shape of the impurity profile matters more than the number.
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GLP-1, ghrelin, melanocortin, amylin and GHRH receptors are all G protein-coupled receptors. This post explains what that means, why class B receptors suit peptide ligands, and what the shared architecture implies for a study design.
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A sterile vial can still be full of endotoxin, because sterility and endotoxin answer different questions. This post separates the three tests, explains what each one can and cannot tell you, and which matter for cell work.
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Epithalon, Vilon, Pinealon and the rest come from one research programme with a distinctive evidence base. This post covers where the compounds came from, what the published work reports, and the replication problem an honest reader has to weigh.
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A peptide with two cysteines can form the right bond, the wrong one, or link to a neighbour. This post covers what disulfide bonds do, why the folding step is separate from synthesis, and what cysteine means for handling a vial.
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Semaglutide persists for days while sermorelin clears in minutes, and the difference is a fatty-acid chain. This post explains acylation, albumin binding, what the DAC approach does differently, and why half-life is a design choice rather than a property of peptides.
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The identity line on a certificate says a mass was observed and matched. That is a real check and a narrow one. This post covers what mass spectrometry proves, the sequences it cannot distinguish, and why identity and purity are separate claims.
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GHK-Cu is a three-residue peptide bound to a copper ion, and the copper is not an additive. This post covers what the complex is, why the metal is integral to how it is studied, what the published work actually reports, and the handling consequences copper brings to an assay.
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MOTS-c and humanin are encoded inside the mitochondrial genome rather than the nuclear one, which makes them a distinct class. This post covers where they come from, why that origin matters, what the published work reports, and how they differ from the other longevity compounds.
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A certificate reporting 99% purity is not telling you how much peptide is in the vial. Purity is a ratio, net peptide content is a mass, and the gap between them is counter-ion and water. Here is what each number means and why only one of them belongs in your dilution.
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Five melanocortin receptors, one family of analogues, and the selectivity that separates them. This post covers what MC1R through MC5R do, why melanotan-2 is non-selective, how PT-141 relates, and what that means for attributing an effect.
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The purity figure on a certificate comes from a chromatogram, and the trace tells you more than the number does. This post covers what the axes mean, what the shoulders and late peaks represent, why the wavelength matters, and what a good trace looks like.
Read the post →The blog covers buying, handling and research-design questions as they come up. The evergreen material lives in the guides: reconstitution, reading a certificate of analysis, storage and stability, one research guide per compound and the glossary.
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